ABOUT REASONING

Everybody says we make reason of things. We live in a world full of facts, and facts are, in some sense, just propositions about things. Propositions are true or false depending of the sense we can make of things. If I say 'A banana is yellow.', it is taken for granted the fact that I have to know the thing called a 'banana' and the thing called 'yellow'. Furthermore, I have to make sense of what is 'is yellow' really mean, which is the agreement of the color quality with the object, and that is called truth. Propositions. are reasons about facts in the world, and they are either true or false. Truth. is the agreement between a thing and the concept about it. This definition of truth is far from being the best one, but is a good way to start by defining what could be possibly be true, or false, in the world.	To reason is to make sense of something. And we make sense of something by making inferences, i.e., by a chain of propositions about a thing called premises, and a proposition that follows from that chain of thought called conclusion. That type of inference is called an argument. ARguments can be valid or invalid concerning the fact that from true premises, it follows (necessarily) a true conclusion. An argument is strong if there is a possibility that the conclusion is false, and weak, if both premisses and the conclusion are false.
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Everybody says we make reason of things. We live in a world full of facts, and facts are, in some sense, just propositions about things. Propositions are true or false depending of the sense we can make of things. If I say 'A banana is yellow.', it is taken for granted the fact that I have to know the thing called a 'banana' and the thing called 'yellow'. Furthermore, I have to make sense of what is 'is yellow' really mean, which is the agreement of the color quality with the object, and that is called truth.

Propositions. are reasons about facts in the world, and they are either true or false.

Truth. is the agreement between a thing and the concept about it.

This definition of truth is far from being the best one, but is a good way to start by defining what could be possibly be true, or false, in the world.

To reason is to make sense of something. And we make sense of something by making inferences, i.e., by a chain of propositions about a thing called premises, and a proposition that follows from that chain of thought called conclusion. That type of inference is called an argument. ARguments can be valid or invalid concerning the fact that from true premises, it follows (necessarily) a true conclusion. An argument is strong if there is a possibility that the conclusion is false, and weak, if both premisses and the conclusion are false.

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Bibliography

Richard L. Epstein has a series of books about logic and reasoning. It can be found in Google's play store, in "books".